The school systems of the Ching Government were the same with the Ming.In1644, the Ching Government set up the national school, ¡§Guo Zi Jian¡¨, in the capital, and divided the students¡¦ courses into six subjects, ¡§Frankness¡¨, ¡§Meditation¡¨, ¡§Sincerity¡¨, ¡§Justice¡¨, ¡§Ambition¡¨, and ¡§Knowledge¡¨.The sources of students were changeable.The students recruited by the ¡§Guo Zi Jian¡¨ were commonly called ¡§Jian Students¡¨.Moreover, there were also ¡§Gong Students¡¨ and ¡§Yin Students¡¨ from other recruitment.¡§Gong Students¡¨ were also divided into five kinds, and each kind of ¡§Gong Students¡¨ represents one different way or reason to recruit the freshmen every year or twelve years.¡§Yin Students¡¨ means a kind of favor from the emperor.If one¡¦s father was the high-grade governmental officer, one of his sons could attend ¡§Guo Zi Jian¡¨.
The examination systems of the Ching Government also succeeded to the Ming.There were three kinds of examination, ¡§recommending talents¡¨, ¡§the town exams¡¨, and ¡§the meeting exams¡¨.Students passed the exams held by local governments could be the ¡§talents¡¨.And they could attend the schools directly.The subjects of the exams were ¡§history¡¨, ¡§poetry¡¨, ¡§critique¡¨, etc.Students who passed ¡§the town exams¡¨ were called ¡§Ju Ren¡¨, and they can prepare for the next challenge, ¡§the meeting exams¡¨.
¡§The meeting exams¡¨ were held once three year.The processes and content of the exam were almost the same with ¡§the town exams¡¨.If ¡§Ju Ren¡¨ passed ¡§the meeting exams¡¨, they would be called ¡§Gong Shi¡¨.And if ¡§Gong Shi¡¨ passed ¡§the palace exams¡¨ which were held by the emperors, they would be called ¡§Jin Shi¡¨.The first rank of ¡§Jin Shi¡¨ was called ¡§Jwang Yuan¡¨; the second rank was called ¡§Bon Yen¡¨; the third rank was called ¡§Tan Hua¡¨.¡§Jin Shi¡¨ was the final stage of the examination systems, and ¡§Jin Shi¡¨ was also the source of the government officers.
After one thousand and two hundred years, this traditional kind of examination systems was finally abandoned in the last year of Ching Dynasty.It deeply affected the society and the people in China.
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County Schools
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The Systems of
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The Academies
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