|
Energy Transfer
Department: Taiwan's regional energy policies consider
current environmental status, local characteristics,
general acceptance, and feasibility into our goals, to
accelerate the liberalization and localization of energy
industries, and to build a comprehensive energy policy
system which considers energy, environment, and
economics. The main organizations in cooperation are
electricity and petroleum industries.
Industrial
Departments: The reduction plans of the industrial
departments include: voluntary saving of energy,
applying energy checking systems, enforcing energy
saving plans, guidance in reduction of industrial waste,
broadening incentives and bonuses, energy saving
technical services, guidance in clean production
techniques, additional education and counseling,
enforcing international cooperative reduction plans,
enforcing ISO-14001 environment management systems.
Transportation
department: augmenting automobile energy consumption
criterions, using energy saving transportation,
enlarging the public transportation system, fuel tax
collection at time of acquisition, implementing
transportation system management strategies, and
developing intelligent transportation systems.
Agricultural
department: forest management and operating plans, green
city and community plans, encouragement and funding of
private reforestation, energy saving fishing ships, and
counseling of renewal of old fishing ships.
Home Business
department: Raising the efficiency standard for
appliances, enhancing architectural surface energy
consuming standards, developing architect energy saving
inspection systems, developing architecture energy
consumption management systems.
Taiwan's methane
reduction measures:
I.Agriculture, Fishery and Livestock: control of
irrigation water and methods; controlling organic
fertilizer usage and methods; breeding of lower water
consuming and drought resistant breeds; promoting the
ban of burning leftover crops, counseling correct ways
to dispose of leftover crops and the manufacturing and
reuse techniques; enhancing education, management, and
monitoring of livestock waste, with counseling on the
reuse and effective processing of livestock waste;
augmenting the collection and usage of methane; and
enhancing techniques in decomposing livestock waste.
II.Wetlands, Oceans, Rivers, and Lakes: Enhancing
the management of waste water pollution; lowering the
organic waste in cultivation waste and the amount of
excrete, accelerating the building of public sewer
systems; and taking action to manage waste pollution in
rivers, lakes, and the ocean.
Taiwan's Nitrous
Oxide Reduction Measures:
I.Agricultural: controlling soil moisture, and
adjusting water infiltration; correct fertilizer usage
and amount; developing slow effect fertilizers; breeding
high nitrogen efficient breeds, promotion of the ban on
burning leftover crops; and counseling on the correct
management or manufacturing of leftover crops.
II.Livestock: planning the appropriate development
scale of livestock; effective collection and disposal of
livestock waste; improving livestock waste decomposition
techniques; raising methane usage; improving feed
formulas.
III.Environmental: Enhanced management and control,
and air pollution fees for permanent pollution sources;
enhanced regulation and inspection, and air pollution
fees for non-permanent pollution sources.
As for the
measures taken on for other greenhouse gases, Taiwan has
cooperated with the Montreal Protocol since July 1st,
1989, and year by year recorded and controlled chemicals
that destroy the ozone layer. Since Jan 1st,
1996, CFCs, carbon tetrachlorides, dimethyl trichloride,
incomplete carbon-halogens, and other CFCs associated
with the greenhouse effect have been banned. As for
carbon hexafluoride and CFCs, more measures must be
taken to control the emission. Related reduction
measures include: cooperation with the Montreal
Protocols second phase management plan, recycling of
CFCs, development and introduction of HCFCs, other
substitutes, and other substitution technologies.
R&D,
International Cooperation and Exchange, and Education
The government
of Taiwan values science and the R&D of technologies. In
1984, the percentage of GDP for science and development
passed 1%, and reached 1.9% in 1997, a total of 5
billion USD. Taiwan's government is responsible for
promoting research on greenhouse gases and climate
changes through the National Science Council and other
departments (The EPA, COA, MOEAEC, CWB, MOEAIDB, MOE,
WRA, and etc). The NSC mainly promotes comprehensive and
fundamental research, while the other departments
promote executive and decisive research on subjects
related to their division. To monitor recent news on
climate changes and the IPCC both in and out of Taiwan,
the NSC, EPA, and MOEAEC are responsible for this part.
Taiwan's systematic monitoring is mainly enforced by the NSC, the earliest of which was atmospheric research on
Taiwan's atmospheric chemistry, IGAC, under 1990's IGBP.
In 1998, The NSC's large scale plan “The monitoring,
analysis, and modeling of atmospheric chemistry of
Taiwan and neighboring regions” included research on
regional emission, absorption of greenhouse gases,
background information on atmospheric chemistry,
monitoring of radiation fields, international monitoring
cooperation, information exchange, and data modeling.
This established a monitoring system and early results
for the atmospheric chemistry of Taiwan and other
neighboring regions. On the participation in greenhouse
gas reduction techniques and climate change research,
Taiwan is only an official member of the global change
international research group, i.e. Academia Sinica's
IGBP ROC committee, and NSC's IGFA members. NSC's energy
committee has completed the “Long term development plans
on energy technology” as of Dec, 1999. It includes:
I. Research
direction:
A. Energy conservation and raising
energy efficiency, including conservation techniques and
raising efficiency.
B. Development and usage of new
energy sources, including reusable energy, and waste
energy
C. Energy management techniques,
including research on legal standards, reasonable energy
prices, incentive design, energy conservation life
styles, cost effective research, and public welfare
consideration.
II. Strategies for implementation
Includes enlarging research manpower,
achieving sufficient funds, coordination to integrate
and enhance the promotion and application of
international cooperation. This is to actively conserve
energy, produce clean energy sources, and effectively
manage, so that Taiwan's energy structure can be
remodeled and carbon dioxide can be reduced. Taiwan is
an island country. So it is weaker in adjusting to
climate changes. For the past 30 years, in an effort to
raise living standards, we have focused on economical
development, and have fallen back on environmental
protection, public health, and protecting the ecosystem.
Now, we are desperately in need of technological
assistance in renewing water resources, public health
protection, sinking ground levels, and biological
protection. Besides this, Taiwan is dependent on
imported energy, so we are planning to improve and
produce clean energy sources; however, the cost for the
development of these technologies would be too high and
are difficult to achieve. We could also use assistance
from advanced countries on this topic. About
international cooperation in the IPCC, before the treaty
was signed in 1991, Taiwan, as a observing member of the
NGO, joined in the 3rd and 4th
negotiations of the intergovernmental conferences. Later
on, in 1992, at the Earth Summit, and the FCCC
subcommittee meetings (SBSTA, SBI) in 1993, and the IPCC
COP meetings since 1995, Taiwan has been in cooperation,
though we cannot join in the discussions or express our
opinions.
|
