| Spreading | Types |
Skills Of Restoration
4-1 Spreading of Repairing Technology 4.1.1 The Need of Repairing
Repair of ancient calligraphies is an important skill to restore the value of ancient paintings. Many ancient silk paper will shell off because of improper storage, which will cause it to become moldy, and even rotten and broken.The damage needs to be repaired by mounting technology, repair,so they can preserve for a long term.
China has a long history and distinctive features in mounting technology, with the passage of time, the painting will certainly appear natural aging and damage. If the Ancient calligraphies wanted to be preserve well, mounting repair is very important link. Restoration of ancient calligraphy, must strictly follow the scientific approach to each procedure, because they will be directly related to the painting of life.
4.1.2 The Oonsequences of Repairing Ancient Calligraphy
Chinese ancient paintings and calligraphy has been able to hand down from generation to generation, the key lies in mounting repair and after repair. In the tradition of ancient painting and calligraphy, improper care will caused the collection mold, get stains everywhere, got rat bite, as well as natural aging damask silk and paper...... these will all make produce holes on paintings. If not promptly fix these ancient paintings, calligraphy and painting will affect the value of art on them, and will destroy it once. Usually collectors when bought ancient paintings, because they do not understand the importance of the restoration, they will take bad care of it. To know the ancient painting and calligraphy works of art is a non-renewable; if the repair is not good enough, the value will be greatly reduced, or even cause serious damage to ancient paintings and endangering the life of ancient paintings. The masterpieces that we see in museum nowadays is because they are all framed well.
Ancient books restoration process, also known as the technique of binding and repairing books, its history and the history of the development of all books are closely related. Repair damaged old books is a special skill, to engage in such binding repair work, not only have to be familiar with the form of books and versions of various dynasties, but also understand the paper, book cover and binding style, and more important skill. Patching an ancient books tend to go through several processes, every kind of skill has to be elegant, that the requirements on the workers that works to bind the book is very harsh.
4.1.3 Restoration of History Painting
The art of framing has more than 2,000 years of history, which started to have a basic shape from the origin of the Warring States silk of painting to the big Western Han dynasty axis. Looking from archaeological data, the 1973 Hunan Warring States that has been unearthed- " silk painting depicting a man riding a dragon " for the study of the origin framed painting provides a very valuable kind of information, which " uppermost transverse edges wrapped in a very thin bamboo strips, tied with rope on brown. " later, whenChangsha Mawangdui tomb unearthed silk painting has further foundings that the top of the " J- wrapped silk painting of a bamboo pole, and tied with two brown ribbon; moreover, the painting's middle and both lower corners are decorated with cyan twine which is wovened in the shape of tubular ribbons. " From the above information can be speculated that the history of our country's framed painting is pushed to 2000 years ago in the Warring States period.
The screen that has been in vogue in the Qin Han, had also go through the frame work to act as reinforcement of protection. Later, because of the old screen that must be removed to save the painting before mounting, therefore it had developed into a true sense of framing work, after then the Han Dynasty then appears framed painting.
Framed calligraphy and painting is for protection of it, but also for beauty ; for imperial purposes, it is to display its eminence. In Qin dynasty there were " people who lord, not the United States is not decorated, the Yimin also insufficient " ( "Xunzi Fu country" ) argument.
4-2 Types of Repairing Techniques 4.2.1 Outline
Ancient calligraphy repair is a difficult and complex skill, but is also an important intangible cultural heritage. This process not only requires some precision mounting technologies to grasp, but also with the art of painting to become familiar with the characteristics of the ancient art of various schools of painting. Sometimes the worker even requires a certain amount of knowledge in archeology, history, poetry area.
Before restoring ancient calligraphy, photographic records should be carried out first, leaving its original appearance, in order to compare it to the repair process, to drop the damage of the painting to a minimum. Before the repair should first write good repair reports to ensure the reliability of the photo. At the same time detect and record the degree of contamination of fiber aging, acidity and acidic substances in the environment preservation and treat eaach painting differently depending on each of its circumstances.
4.2.2 Fixing's Each Techniques
Method of Clearing Stains
Before clearing it, you should use a soft brush to gently brushed the dust paper surface with a cotton swab, dampened with water printed on the ink or color, to check whether it fade, diffuse, if faded use plastic alum water to reinforce. If the stains is minor, the works can be directly coated with a brush dipped in water to make a wet stains spread, then the filter paper to absorb the water at the water stains. If it was stain by more polluting works drain it with warm water, then scrub row of pens.
Method of Clearing Stains and Mud
Mud spots cleaning and water damage cleanup method is substantially the same. For particularly stains that is difficult to remove, mud spots can be washed by 1% -2% of the alkali solution, rinsed with water and then draw water with filter paper, then can be dried. Serious polluted black calligraphy or waterlogged ancient calligraphy that have a large yellow water stains may be capped with a absorbent paper, then wet it with the row pen. Then cover an absorbent paper to protect the central of the painting, place the painting on the back and use the pen to wet it. Finally, place two absorbent paper on the paper, must be in neat row, and then the spray distilled water on paper. Then use a towel to absorb moisture and repeat the operation until the screen become clean.
Source : Apple Daily Newspaper
Method of Clearing Grease
Grunge treatment is available to clean by degreaser, wash it immediately with water after clean. If this does not fully remove oil spots, it can be removed with ether -type benzene.
Mildew Cleanup Llaw
The remove of the mildew dirt can be divided into two categories: physical and chemical methods. The former is the traditional process, which is repeated flushing with water,, this method is safe and simple, but it had little effect on serious mildew painting. However, decadent paintings that is already brittle, if its not handled properly, then will damage a large area. Modern techniques is to draw water soaked the central of the painting, with 0.5% potassium permanganate solution soak 15-20 minutes, then wash off the potassium permanganate with water, and then wash it with 0.5% oxalic acid and soak it with 15-20 minutes until the color of the old surface faded, then placed it in clean water rinse, which can also be placed in the paintings of 0.1% bleach solution, rinsed with water and so on again after a few minutes, At last use sodium sulfite to remove mildew and bleach.
Method of Clearing Lead
Some white pigment in painting contain lead carbonate, hydrogen sulphide in the air will be converted to black lead sulfide, this phenomenon we call " Lead appear." Coat 3 % hydrogen peroxide on the lead, and it will be able to change back to white lead sulfate, then rinse with water.
Deacidification Method
Put the calligraphy in the tank to soak for 15-20 minutes with a humidity of 40 ℃ to 50 ℃ water, letting the acidic substance to dissolved in water, and then use the water in room temperature to wash acids away. If there is no tank for paint wash, place the painting in the mounting platform and let the water flow on one side. When washing let the water flow from high to low, repeat washing, until the work become more comprehensive.
Act on Color Consolidation
For heavy color that has already began to appear off the painting, conduct fixing before cleaning, the solution can be formulated with gelatine and hot water; then uniformly sprayed color to places that will easily fall off. Wait till the solution cooled, then covered it with a damp rice paper on the screen, press the area that has thicker color. Repeat process to draw up the until the paper no longer fade.
Method of Getting Rid the Slurry on the Screen
Some paper should not be removed from the central of the silk paper; instead grout in front of the painting. The residue will definitely leave plasma marks on this picture. There are two removal methods: First, after a good painting prop, rub it when it haven't dry yet, then brush it with the hair brush; Second, the dough can be used to scroll on the screen, which will stick the rest of the slurry on the dough.
Method of Repairing Broken Parts
In the repair of ancient calligraphy " exposing the central of the painting " is a critical project. Before exposing old painting to mounted, the first response to all the stains according to different materials, to choose a different pad. Painted paper will be available as silk liner or liner. The central of the paper should be placed on the silk oiled paper or water. When mounting the painting draw along the white area of the painting. If the material is thin, the paper must not be torn off the paper, so it won't lose the original color painting. If the paper has come off, slurry water can be put on the paper to strengthen it. Worn, torn patches before remediation is required to draw with its original color. After exposing the heart to be good painting, paint it with a brush around the incomplete area. After repairing will be able to put on slurry.
Crease Repair
Old painting often have fracture, so they need to be re-mounted, and then re- painted when dry off. Finally, attached wide strip about 0.2 centimeters to the back of the paper on a perspective of the table. In this way, you can ensure that all of the crease is no longer fracture.
Fracture Repair
Before repairing, face the screen up, wetted with water, absorbing excess water with a towel and then clean it, so that is aligned with the table, and then sealed with parchment picture. The picture will be placed down to mount. Paste strips on the fracture part after drying of, then the repair of the fracture is done.
Panchromatic
The purpose of panchromatic is to ensure the integrity of the painting. In the process of the restoration of ancient paintings, full color can be said as a more difficult technology. Before the panchromatic, its important to check whether all the fracture parts are paste on good article, and then do the panchromatic part. Use the microscope to choose a suitable paint, then put on ink. The pen that is going to be working on panchromatic must maintain a dry state, according from deep to light, small hole to big hole and from dot to area in the order to restore the painting better. Get used at the techniques of hook and dyeing hook, " point " for holes and wound ; " hook " only suitable for the nib to go under in gaps; and a large area is available for " bake staining", the effect is fast and good. If the screen is damaged more serious, and there is no basis and raw materials can be referred to, in the full-color process must not be free to add other colors or destroy its original style. Thus, each ancient paintings restorer must master certain basic knowledge of Chinese calligraphy and painting techniques, so they will have enough common sense for color when they are doing panchromatic.
Cover and Paste Wall
Since the old old painting paper ( silk ) has a long history, fiber brittle, the painting after mounting shouldn't paste wall directly, has to dry off, and then run the water wall. Choose soft texture cover of backing paper to cover on the back,using the preferred symmetrical dense silk with texture, color and the spindle head indicia, rope coordination. Run water after wall- mounted pieces, if it has an uneven expansion, pull wire to straighten the painting around the slacking part in the middle, keeping the painting straight. After it spray some pure water on the top, letting the central of the paper to dry off, preventing " collapse bombing", resulting the damage again. In the dry weather of north, sprayed some glycerin ( glycerol ) to soften the painting, conducive old painting protection.
Calendering and Loading Lever
The process of repairing the paint is very important, but the preservation later can not be ignored. When calendering, pay attention to re-color painting, silk painting and repair of the heart of the painting, in the heart of the painting should be preceded by calendering clean, delicate rice paper, so it won't draw damage to the painting. When calendering use the same force, not leaking the calender, so the back is smooth, soft and comfortable. Before pre-loaded lever, you must first check the paper flat jaws, and make it the same size The chosen pole must be bar dried, tough, oil-free wood, terminte, straight shaft, equal thickness. Smooth surface, no edge marks and the wood that will not easily deformed will be better at preserving repaired work.
Using a variety of techniques above, generation after generation of painting restorer gave these " dying " calligraphies new life. They contribute their strength for the spread of civilization, but also to future generations to appreciate these unknown works. Combining traditional painting restoration techniques and modern science will bring new opportunities for ancient calligraphies.
4.2.3 Mounting for Repaired Calligraphies
After finish repairing, in addition, accord to the magnitude of calligraphy size, shape and content to separately mounte into the form of picture card, banners, scrolls and album.
1. Posters. Crafts four weeks mosaic damask silk, mount behind the supporting frame called "picture card", also known as "mirror heart." There are horizontal and vertical two types.The mounting horizontal one, the two sides, top and bottom should be in the same size, the two columns should be higher than the two sides. The damask of two vertical side should be equal, the upper part should be bigger than the lower part.
2. Banners. Commonly known as "nave." The vertical painting can be mounted into three banners: color, two-color or three-color banner. Determined by the size of the heart, can be divided into the first world, spacer rings and circles and so modest. Horizontal painting usually mounted into Hengpi or "Vision and mounted." Vision and mounted formula generally do not bordered edge, bordered only lower compartment boundaries, world bronze silk head and side. The top part will paste two ribbon, "ribbon", also called "shock Yan band."
3. Hand-rolled. Narrow banners painted heart, may be larger inserts are mounted, or hit side hand rolled. Mounting roll type structure is complex, the cutting of each part of the material should be framed with certain size specifications, and strive to make the picture beautiful and coordination. Framed hand-rolled, pay attention to stagger the seams, to avoid the first meet, draw heart and the end to sewn on the same line. Inserts are sewn in a line to catch. The first option should welcome the old color throwing paper or letterhead and other famous Tripitaka paper. The first package is appropriate old brocade, handmade tick sub-head and multi-axis jade pondering made, such as ivory carving, elegant solid color. Volume Crafts class place to enjoy a few cases, in order to avoid damage to the first package, do balloon gold or red tubs devices.
4. Album, Rubbings. Generally small but great number of paintings can be mounted separately or as a version of the album push canopy album. Paint a version of the album in the right opening, left open the question, day head slightly larger than the edge of a field, column, and the edge of distraction is substantially the same. Push canopy album mounted next open heart, poem mounted on the open, with the edge of the first day of the same size, the same as the width of the column and distraction. Framed album has multi rib paper mosaic, clean quaint.. CD album stab incision to clean. The inscription will be mounted into a notebook open edition album, called " rubbings." Framed and mounted album quote similar specifications, but the program more, first to wait for a given number of words per line, and the rise of a number of lines per page, date, title inscribed and small head and tail attached postscript position, draw a good style, re- mounting. To prepare the system posts mounted ink sheet, for fill joints should also be optional name vice page paper back and forth. After five inserts mounted fold -style, without damask silk and rice paper as inlay material.
Framed calligraphy damask silk holder shall be color- dyed. Dyed according to the color screen color shades, simplified and uses to choose. The patterns should be bigger. Vision and mounted the small side with a bronze, silk dyed with care. Dyed silk damask are entrusted with rice paper clips connected to accommodate the thickness of the heart draw. Mounting Crafts are made of rice paper, backing paper with clip even in summer, even Jin- care system is appropriate, but also to make contact with the paper at the back of the summer, to avoid the screen section and the person's head, otherwise strong emergency roll back and forth, lossy format. Mounting with the paste, then dilute favorable draw level, the ancients said, " good work the paste to water." To discard the flour paste made ??of bran and gluten, boiled paste with moderate fire. Scraping pole to pole day, use dry dry pine or fir insurable straight. Painting treasures, with sandalwood or camphor can avoid scraping worm beetles
4-3 Repairing Tools (A) Studio: must be spacious and bright, clean and tidy, convenient and safe, and the temperature and humidity should be moderate.
(B) Make Wall: for stickers flat, dry earn draw heart, mounted parts and various mounting materials. Earned the wall should be flat, smooth, dry, ventilated.
(C) Case Station: required platen hard wood, smooth countertops, the Taiwan height is generally 80 centimeters.
(D) Drying Rack: After drying for complex backing paper, colored paper and a variety of materials processing and the like.
(E) A Copy of the Table: the glass top, built-in fluorescent lamps, mounted for exposing broken old painting.
(F) Ladder: for the mounted member, stepping on the next wall.
(G) Row Pen: holder for mounted damask, silk, paper, painting heart and cover paintings.
(H) Brown Brush: for prop mounted damask, silk, paper, painting heart painting and coating member mounted on the wall and so on.
(I) Knife: Founder Videos for heart, cut with paintings and other materials.
(J) The Boundary Ruler and Cutting Board: Founder Videos for heart, cut with paintings and other materials.
(K) Awl and Tweezers: Founder Videos for heart, rejects debris, using more care in the process, such as tweezers, use it to pick the row of pens on paper hair and other debris, plug wire rope, seal hoop.
(L) Keiko: Kai earned for exposing mounted on the wall and all kinds of materials.
(M) Greaseproof Paper: compartments for scrap inlaid with paste.
(N) Calender Stone: for member mounted on the back of the calender, polished.
(O) Wax Board: used for the back of the calender friction member mounted on the reverse.
(P) Scissors: more for a material, the residual cut silk damask silk on paper scissors mouth, while waiting for repair painting.
(Q) Drilled: Yes hand drill and drill two kinds, mainly used for the days of drilling rods. The drill can be ground with coarse root tip is three prism, this drill bit out of the hole, not easy to loose the copper nose wear.
(R) Pliers and Nails: used for making copper nose, nails nose and other purposes.
(S) Feather Blanket: sweep paper special tools.
(T) Other Tools: duster, forks, spray bottle, sieve basket, wood saw, copper, basin, towel, brush, paint, ink, palette, plastic film.
Source : Mao-Long Lin's Blog
“Zhuang Biao." Chinese Encyclopedia. 2010-2014. Volume 1, p.1
http://goo.gl/pwsEfA 2015.9.4
4-4 The Importance of Repairing 4.4.1 Introduction
Mounting repair ancient paintings, is a very fine, careful and complicated process. Over the years, agreement is considered to be framed painting was the most difficult, the most demanding and the most representative of the level of framed art work. It is also the image of the restoration of ancient paintings, compared to the doctor to have an operation, the Ming Zhou Jia helmet in " Decoration records," said: " Monuments heavy mounted seek medical disease as the previous generation painting, epic so far, has always been disabled person. Gou want modifications, such as Bingdu seek medical. Medical good, the hand was born, poor health, and is readily death. " So if you want future generations to understand the art of brilliant predecessors created, it is necessary for these ancient re- framed calligraphy and paintings, which is the importance of restoration of ancient paintings.
Palace of the "ancient framed painting repair technology " is listed as " national intangible cultural heritage."
Ming and Qing court making skills Institute was established in the GuGong museum. The Institute will through academic research, enhance and promote the protection of the court craftsmanship, very cultural heritage significance. This year will recruit include archeology, literature, heritage conservation and the direction of 13 doctors.
National Palace Museum Director Shan Jixiang said that the court making is an ancient art of craftsmanship, danger in the machinery industry developed today, some of the production techniques have lost the court, the National Palace Museum has retained responsibility for these skills, and appropriate in heritage repair work.
Currently, the National Palace Museum 's collection of more than 180 million pieces of cultural relics, artifacts of as much as 1.05 million, as many as seven or ten categories included in the process, or the Imperial Household each workshop production, or local court to undertake a special decree and its represents the highest level of skill of an era.
The save "ancient framed painting repair technology" in GuGong museum during 2008 was classified as " national intangible cultural heritage." Repair master has repaired zhangzeduan "painting", Han Huang, " Penta-Bull map " and other national treasures. Faced damaged ancient paintings, the first to use hidden stickers reinforcement patch proces, followed by a solid color, easy to fade on the part of the screen with plastic reinforcement, then full color, in natural light on the missing part of complementary color. National treasures.
4.4.2 National Heritage
"Lanting roll"
Time: April 30-June 29 Location : Wu Ying Calligraphy Museum
According to records, Wang has been with the Emperor sacrificial Zhaoling authentic. This volume biography of Chu Sui-liang of the old copy, referred to as " G Chu Lanting.
Source : Website "shufazidian"
"Painting"
Time: September 5 to November 4 Location : Wu Ying calligraphy museum, Yanxi Miyako Painting Research Center
One of China 's top ten famous painting, the Northern Song Dynasty painter zhangzeduan boutique survive in the world.
Source : Website "NPM"
" Emperor Kangxi celebration Wanshou map" ( Vol. II )
Time: September 22 to December 21 Location : Meridian Gate and things yanchi floor hall
44 m full-size display. This figure is a huge masterpiece of ancient Chinese art history, original painting by Wang Qi Qing Dynasty painting "Four King" one.
Source : Website "Ourig"
Reference:
Lu, Chang. “The National Palace Museum exhibits cultural relics.” [Online]
http://goo.gl/AzD2tM 2015.9.4
Huan-Shen, Lin “Taipei Conservation Center” [Online]
http://goo.gl/unANh6 2015.9.4
