The History Of Chinese Scroll Paintings

2-1 Value and status

2.1.1 Landscape Painting Overview

Since the Tang and Song dynasties, Chinese landscape painting plays an important role in Chinese painting. Also because of the “Ming Huang Xing Shu diagram”, which completed in Tang Dynasty, the landscape painting slowly formed. This also estibilished an important position in Chinese art history. To decide its art value and category is depend on different type of its style. Every different kind of artworks have different value.

2.1.2 Non-materialistic Cultural Heritage

Restore ancient paintings is an art which classified as “non- materialistic cultural heritage.”

2.1.3 Collection of Ancient Paintings

Those people who collected the ancient paintings to be particular about the nature and the technique called “Principle of truthfully”. Because of this technique, the value of the paintings can be continuing. Lot of paintings that have be repaired were gathered in the collection agencies. In Taiwan, only National Taiwan Library and National Palace Museum have the professional people to repair the ancient paintings. In National Palace Museum, there have one hundred and sixty thousand ancient paintings. Until today, the technique of ancient paintings in the National Palace Museum be counted for Intangible Cultural Heritage.


2-2 Beginning

2.2.1 The First Paint

Cave painting also called parietal art. It is the first type of paint that be preserved in Chinese painting. The original idea of the cave painting was human ingenuity and human nature. This shows simple ideal, the belief, and the life. During the Qin and Han Dynasties, lots of mural showed in the palaces. Therefore, the evolution of the Chinese painting has improved. Although did not have landscape painting during that time; but, there have some image of the landscapes painting (for example: During the Eastern Han Dynasty). Nevertheless, the Chinese Painting was started by human activity. Also, a person called Dong Yi during that time. He promoted the evolution of the Chinese painting.

2.2.2 Evolution of Paint

Wei and Jin Dynasties was a very important period for the evolution of Chinese painting. Becasue of long period of war and society was in fernment. So, many people abandon oneself to nature and forget the negative mood during that time.

Therefore, a large amount of scenery poetry and pastoral painting made landscapes painting be improved. However, the time is ripe for the basic theory of landscapes painting and the basic theory of Chinese painting has be established during that time.

Source : Mao-Long Lin's Blog

The first of landscapes painting was appeared at Sui and Tang Dynasties' palace.

During that time, when people want to design the building that is relate to the landscapes, they must to draw a large amount of lanscapes painting. Therefore, the evolution of landscapes painting has been improved and the landscapes painting was formally started from that time.

During Northern Sung Dynasty, the politicans have attach importance to the art of painting. Therefore, the landscapes painting was very important to the arts.

The landscapes painting is divided to two different kind of painting. It is divided to northern part of landscapes painting and southern part of landscapes painting. The northern part of landscapse painting is huge and magnificence of panorama. The southern part of landscapes painting is simple and estrangment of Jiangnan's scenery.


2.2.3 Evolution of calligraphy

Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty: Dazuan (ancient style of calligraphy).

Zhou Dynasty: Lots of bronze have be engraved jin wen (bronze inscriptions).

Qin Dynasty: Xiao zhuan and qin zhuan were two most important subject. After Qin defeated the six armies, a new writing style called cherical script. The cherical script is more convenient to write than the xiao zhuan.

Han Dynasty: Lishu became the officially word. Lishu evolved a more simple new word called caoli.

Wei-jin, Northern and Southern Dynasty: In northern, people usually used regular script for writing. In southern, because of Wang Xizhi (Eastern Jin Dynasty), the calligraphy art was started. The ancient people in the past carved ancient monument on stone and wood and then rubbing it into a tie with the present in order to preserve heritage.

Sui Dynasty, Tang Dynasty, and five dynasties: The most important period of regular script and cursive script (calligraphy).

Tang Dynasty: The time is ripe for regular script and became the basic calligraphy for learning.

Song Dynasty: People have created the new personalization of calligraphy.
Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty : Lots of people used roller of a scroll of Chinese painting; therefore,roller of a scroll of Chinese painting is very important in that time.

Late ming and early qing dynasties : Instead of using the style of roller of a scroll of Chinese painting, the calligraphers used an ancient style of calligraphy current in the Han Dynasty.

Qing Dynasty: Style of metal and stone. During medium term, a new style of calligraphy called the studying if stone tablet.
Twentieth Century: China has affected by western culture; therefore, China calligraphy has revived in the late Twentieth Century.

Source : Mao-Long Lin's Blog

 

 

2-3 Craft Series

2.3.1 Picture Card

Craft is surrounded with silk damask, the craft from backside is called picture card or lens center. Picture card can be divided into horizontal type and vertical type. The picture card of cross pieces have same size rims, the vertical rims are wider than horizontal side. The vertical type have two same size rims and the front page is a bit bigger than the back page.
Source : Website Bing

2.3.2 Tiao Fu

Tiao Fu is called Zhong Tang. Vertical type painting center can be mounted to one-color, two -color or three-color banner. The appropriate size of the front page, the back page and circle should be based on the center draw . Horizontal painting center usually be put into Hengpi or " Xuanhebiao." Xuanhebiao style's banners generally do not insert damask edge , bordered only up and down boundaries , the front page,the back page and antique brass silk banner. the front page side posted two Shòudài with the same materials , Shòudài is also known as " J?ngyàn band ." Gluing Hengpi and Tiangan together,the two ends of the crescent bar called " Crescent Rod Hengpi." Several pieces of the same content related vertical type painting center can be framed into the Striped screen , Michikage screen or Antithetical couplet . Tian di and borders of shield Tiao Fu should not be too large ; four , six or eight of Michikage screen because the screen is connected to the two bands at outside.
Source : Website Bing

2.3.3 Hanging Scroll (Calligraphy)

The middle point of a horizontal painting can divided to exclusive ham, simple ham with cotton and simple ham with sheet. The structure of put in the different types of scroll is very complicated. Therefore, every parts have became uniform parts and need to be very carefully to make it. In order to get damage the bao shou; so, bao shou can be protected by the redwood made cover or tub made by wood with gold embroider.

2.3.4 Album of Calligraphy and Calligraphy Rubbing

Calligraphy and Rubbing Generally painting centers are small and muckle, its can be mounted separately as platemaking album of paintings or tui peng album of paintings. Platemaking album of paintings' painting center is the right opening, the title is left opening, the front page is slightly larger than the back page, column, symmetrical centre and the back page are substantially the same. Tui peng album of paintings' painting center mounting is injector opening, poem title mounted on the above opening, the front page and the back page are the same size, fen xin are same as the width of the column. The hua xin biao of the tui peng album is xia kai and ti shi biao is shang kai. The size of the front page and the back page have to be equal, the width of column and fen xin have to be equal too. Mount album(calligraphy) mostly have the lou wen paper to mosaic. Ce mian can use brocade or redwood to make it. The cutting edge of cai ci ce ye have to be neat. Calligraphy rubbing is a book that carves by stone inscriptions. Biao tie and Biao ce are look similar; but, Biao tie have more steps than biao ce.

Ling juan of the Mounting Calligraphy and painting need to mix the colors and extension dye. The color base on the image. The pattern of tian di ling zi need to be bigger. The color of the xuan and biao is bronze for the side. The juan is used for mixing the colors. Also, the sandalwood or camphor wood for hua gan to avoid the insects.

2-4 Materials of Chinese Painting and Calligraphy that Effect Paintings' Reserve

2.4.1 Materials for Calligraphy

The writing material is called four treasures of calligraphy. This including the writing brush, the ink stick, the paper (Xuan paper), and the ink stone.

A good pen for calligraphy needs to have four conditions : tip, round, chi, and jian.

Tip is means the pen point and bi hao have to gather together and the shape must to be tip. Round is means when the bi hao to get together, it need to be mollow and full. Chi is means when after the tip point of bi hao get open, and the frayed end have to squash it. Then the lengths of nei hao and wai hao must to be equal and neat.

Jian is means each of the hao mao need to be vertical and it will not out of shape.

Source : Website Bing

2.4.2 Using Materials for Calligraphy

In calligraphy, making the good ink is first condition. Therefore, using the ink strip and ink stone to make the ink, it must to be vertical and using the clean water for making the ink. When making the ink slowly, the ink will be more smooth and bright. The ink is easily to dry; so, people have to keep the ink away from direct sunlight.

A good ink stone is made from a good stone; therefore, it can make up a good quality of ink. A good value of ink stone is to leave with long period and the color of the ink stone will be most black and a little bit green.

In Chinese traditional, using the bian paper, lian paper, xuan paper, and cotton paper for calligraphy paper (absorbency).

2.4.3 Material Quality Affect the Reserve

The materials of China's landscapes paintings and calligraphy are rich in content. The most effective material to the persistence of the landscapes paintings is the paper. The paper in modern industrial paper need to be bleached; therefore, people will join a large amount of sulfide and the paper will easily catalysis.

2-5 Collection

Chinese Cultural Relic Collection Institution is the most important association(cultural relic collection) in Taiwan. This association has many different types of collection from different dynasties. All kinds of miscellaneous pieces and the bronze have more than 300 pieces of work. The association has exhibitions about the cultural relic and it can inherit culture. Also, Zhong Xing Movable Property Evaluation Limited Company and National Palace Museum have many different types of cultural relic.


Reference:

Bing, Jiang. "How the National Palace Museum restore ancient calligraphies" [Online]
http://goo.gl/RRyWxI 2015.11.3

Meng, Xiao. "The idea of restoring ancient calligraphies are gaining acceptance gradually." [Online]
http://goo.gl/l0IG81 2015.11.12

Xiao Wei, Yi. "Calligraphy restorers are the doctors of art" [Online]
http://goo.gl/rlO8yl 2015.11.20

Dai Yeh, Lu Pi. "Ancient calligraphies restoration bring back the value of art." [Online]
http://goo.gl/VRwhPV 2015.11.24