Japan 's “woodland burial” |
Form of “woodland burial”
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The form of “woodland burial” is: “unlike let out cremains, which has to burn remains to small particles; nor put remains to urn, but to bury remains at the mountain soil near the village.”
Woodland burial started from the abbot of 岩手縣一關市的祥雲寺 Mr. 千阪彥峰 in Japan. He obtained graveyard certificate in August 1999, and began the first remains bury ritual on November 11 of the same year.
The graveyard of the “Woodland burial” has no artificial objects, such as outer shed, tombstone and bow shape urn, but dig holes directly on the ground and bury the remains. Then is to plant plants like azalea upon the ground that buried remains. No matter believe in what religions, all people could apply to bury here, but their families must clean the woods once per year. In case they could not participate, they should pay 70 thousand dollars for “Woods cleaning assistant fund” each time. |
Use flower, grass and tree to be tombstone |
After the interment ritual, the azalea will be planted as the tombstone to indicate the bury location. |
Let out cremains |
While proceed with woodland burial, shall the remains in the form of “powder” or “assign special form for certain part”? Regarding this question, residents from city approved that the form shall in powder, and this tendency is increasing gradually. Because they think such form could return to nature earlier; if buried in complete shape, they might feel sad while seeing the remains.
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Tibet 's tower burial and sky burial
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Potala Palace 's “Tower burial” |
Potala Palace's “Tower burial”
The Potala Palace, which has been called as “The vertical Versailles”, is 400M long from east to west, height 117M and has giant building groups up to 13 floors. Its main body is composed of four parts.
White palace: |
It's a palace that could contain five hundred lamas to recite and live. |
Red palace: |
It is a spiritual tower that inlaid with every kind of jewelry; and it is the place that settles Dalai 5 th 's remains. It is also the burial method that makes eminent lama to mummy for people's visit, called “tower burial”. |
Snow: |
The broaden building in the foot of mountain is called “Snow” (Its Tibetan meaning is “below”); it is an administrative institution and prison. |
Dragon King Pool ( 龍王潭 ): |
Inside the hill there is a yard called “Dragon King Pool”. |
For the place like Potala Palace , which combines palace and graveyard, politics and religion, should be another ultimate building performance.
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Tibet 's sky burial “Bird burial”
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Step and content |
At the day of sky burial, the dead person's families usually have meals with lama, sky burial master, relative and friend. |
In the afternoon, gathered at Da Zhao Temple and then circle Ba Jiao Street once (if the dead one is father or mother, the son shall carry the remains on the back to circle the Ba Jiao Street ). |
Complete remains' body and spirit departure ritual. |
The remains are carried to sky burial site by lama and sky burial master. |
In the sky burial site, the sky burial master cut the remains to slices, knocks bones to pieces and mixed in roasted barley flour. |
Calling the Saint bird ---Vultures. If vultures circle high up in air, it symbolized lucky; if circle in low-altitude, it is a bad luck. The sky burial master must complete these rituals before sun rise. |
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| Islamic funeral |
Dying breath and attitude after death |
Islamism considers that life and death are all divine providence. Death is to wait for the coming of judgment day to transform to another life. Treat personal death and relative's death in common mind. Too sad and sigh is the disobedience to God, which is a very bad behavior.
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Funeral
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- Clean the body of the dead, which should be down by the religious follower of the same gender as the dead one.
- Wrap the dead after clean its body with white clothe and put in coffin, and carry the coffin to the graveyard. For the funeral procession could only participated by male religious follower, female is prohibited.
- On the way to graveyard, the pray ritual for the dead spirit will be held at the nearby site.
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Position the remains in the coffin pit. The pit shall cover with tiles first, and then move remains from coffin to the coffin pit. Most of the arrangement is to lay its right side in transverse and toward the sacred place Makkah.
- Islamism's graveyard regulated no tombstone is approved because no idol worship is allowed except the true God.
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Tomb visiting |
Islamism believers considered that tomb visiting could facilitate their thinking practice. In their country, the death anniversary and Mohammed's birthday are two major memorial ceremonies. They will visit tomb at this time and sacrifice flowers or fruits.
Islamism believers are very careful with the management of graveyard, but they don't cherish the memory of the death very much. Although tomb visiting has the meaning of grieve for the death, the most important is to think the meaning of death, and the will of the true god communicated for revive. For the death, they still maintain respect attitude.
Islamism does not have a large site especially for the death. Common family doesn't set up the spirit tablet for the death. It is also regulated by the discipline because they only worship one true god.
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America 's “Hi-tech funeral” |
e-Funeral |
Friend or people related to the death read the testament, and the represented attendant read the memorial speech. In general families and friends of the death will attend the funeral, and each attendant would receive a disc, which contains the history of the death. If people that lived far away want to attend the funeral, they could view from their computers at home.
After 50 years, the percentage of funeral hold at funeral hall will increase, but its function must be more variety in order to cope with consumers' requirement. The process of funeral will also change significantly. In terms of hi-tech, as long as the history of the death is inputted the review video of its life will show by computer animation. This kind of service will certainly come true. |
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Data from ：http://www.lungyengroup.com.tw/01infonet/service_6_5.asp |
